laser pointer, photovoltaic panel, citric acid, bicarb soda
In Effer, water and air movement is realised as turbulent sound. Light from a laser pointer is scattered by rising streams of bubbles as it passes through a glass vessel full of water. The scattering continuously varies the amount of light energy reaching a small solar panel under the vessel, the output of which is amplified so that these fluctuations are realised as sound.

Effer, live performance, Sydney College of the Arts, 4 April 2023. Photo: Lichen Kelp